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Global Financial Crisis

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US deficit 'is not China's fault'
Japan and Germany need to raise economic growth sharply if the world economy is to correct its growing imbalances, particularly the US current account deficit, a United Nations organisation said yesterday.

Releasing its annual trade and development report, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Unctad) also said that the strong growth in developing countries' economies in the past three years meant many countries could still meet the UN's millennium development goals aimed at halving extreme poverty by 2015.

The report said it was wrong to blame surging Chinese exports for the big trade imbalances around the world and to call for a big revaluation of the yuan as a way to reduce them.

Supachai Panitchpakdi, the former World Trade Organisation chief and Unctad's new secretary general, said China represented only 8% or so of the total global current account surplus in 2004 whereas Germany and Japan made up nearer 30%, or $268bn (£146bn).

"It should not be forgotten that much of the counterpart to the United States' external deficit is to be found in the surpluses of other developed countries. Asian countries are using their surpluses to import more but Europe and Japan are not doing much," he said.

 
Chinese relent and revalue the yuan
Beijing bows to pressure from Washington and drops peg to the dollar but Asian exporters may reap greater benefit than the US

China made its biggest monetary shift in more than a decade yesterday by revaluing the yuan and dropping the currency's peg to the dollar.

In a long-anticipated move, the central bank announced that the yuan's value will now be linked to a basket of currencies. The immediate impact was a 2.1% appreciation against the dollar.

China's leaders have frequently talked of the economic desirability of a more flexible exchange rate currency, but the timing of the latest move appears to be political.

Coming two months before China's president, Hu Jintao, is scheduled to visit Washington, the adjustment appears to be aimed at heading off rising US discontent at the bilateral trade deficit, which reached a record $162bn (£92bn) last year.

 
Having more credit than money

Christopher Brauchli ~ STWR Member

Having more credit than money,
Thus one goes through the world.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Claudine von Villa Bella (1776)

It is popular but unfair to criticize credit card companies for their recent successful efforts to persuade congress to change the bankruptcy laws. Rather than criticize we should acknowledge all they have done for the consumer. Last year the industry sent out more than 5 billion solicitations inviting us to obtain their cards. It is obvious that among the 5 billion sent out a few went to people to whom the invitation should not have been issued and these people, being irresponsible, accepted the invitation and ran up huge balances that they could ill afford to pay. Some even went so far as to take bankruptcy thus leaving the credit card issuer holding the bag.

That behavior did not escape the attention of the card issuers who tried all manner of things to encourage errant consumers to be more responsible. Some charged usurious rates of interest hoping that would encourage the cardholder to pay off the balance in full each month. Others introduced significant penalties for late payments hoping that would teach cardholders to be more financially responsible.

When none of those things worked and borrowers persisted in trying to take advantage of their generosity, the lenders banded together and went to congress demanding a change in the bankruptcy law, bankruptcy having been the last shield of the no-good debtor. The credit card companies reportedly spent 10 years and more than $100 million of their hard earned money to explain to congress why a reform of the bankruptcy law was needed. Their efforts were successful and today we are blessed with a law that will help the poor among us become more financially responsible.

Under the former bankruptcy law the unscrupulous debtor could take advantage of credit card issuers by taking bankruptcy and then promptly accepting the generous borrowing offers sent out by lenders who, willing to give the debtor a second chance, offered the newly bankrupt credit cards once again. The unscrupulous who accepted those offers had only to wait six years before repeating the entire process and wiping out all their debts. It is perfectly obvious that the effect of such a law is to simply encourage irresponsibility among the poor and to discourage banks and other lenders from being generous with their credit. In 2004 more than 2 million people filed for bankruptcy and it goes without saying that among the two million were many who had taken unfair advantage of the credit card companies by discharging the debts owed the companies.

Thanks to the good work of credit card companies, the new bankruptcy law makes it more difficult for the consumer to take unfair advantage of the credit card issuer. No longer can the cardholder look forward to depriving the credit card companies of their just desserts by taking bankruptcy every six years. Henceforth cardholders will have to wait 8 years between bankruptcy filings, something that should have the immediate effect of making borrowers think twice before incurring debt they cannot repay. An even greater encouragement is found in the provision that makes it much more difficult to simply wipe out the debt. In the future debtors may find that they will have to repay some of the debt they were formerly able to avoid paying.

Credit card companies are not simply resting on their laurels, however, nor do they bear any grudges. Even though many of their debtors rushed to take bankruptcy before the new law went into effect in order to fully discharge their debts, the credit card companies bear them no ill will. They have been courting their former cardholders encouraging them to once again obtain credit cards. Solicitations are reportedly going out in great numbers to the newly bankrupt.

Criticized by some professional do-gooders for seeming to take advantage of the vulnerable among us by encouraging them to once again go into debt, the credit card companies have been quick to respond explaining that their generosity enables the newly bankrupt to build a new credit history. Laura Fisher, a spokesperson for the American Bankers Association, was quoted in the New York Times saying: “The people coming out of bankruptcy need an opportunity to get back on their feet. If you take away the opportunity to get credit it’s like taking away the want ads from a job seeker.” What she didn’t say was that the bank’s profits would be reduced if the credit card issuers did not encourage those who can least afford the high interest charged on unpaid balances to continue to own, use and pay the banks handsomely for the privilege of living beyond their means. I’ll say it for her.

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The paradoxes of foreign investment
"The paradox of lower than expected beneficial investment in some developing countries is difficult to resolve, and is linked with several of the most tenacious problems in current economic theory."
 
Get ready for a financial Tsunami

Max Keiser

Max Keiser is the creator of the first patented virtual stock market, the hollywood Stock Exchange; the financial columnist for the Ecologist Magazine; the co-sponsor of the world's 'first activist hedgefund;' host of "The Truth About Markets" on Resonancefm 104.4 London; and, founder of KarmaBanque.

Get ready for a financial Tsunami more destructive than last year's boxing day holocaust

The Financial Times recently quoted a spokesperson for The Centre For The Study Of Financial Innovation who described the business of 'prime brokerage services' conducted by the world's biggest banks as, "the crack cocaine of the financial system." For the uninitiated, prime brokerage services are the basic services banks offer fund managers in return for commission dollars. (Hedge funds are multi-purpose funds that can do any arcane, risky, cross-market speculative thing with their money they want to – imagine a financial kama sutra where every dollar of opportunity is slotted into every conceivable orifice of the globe's financial organs).

It's hard to imagine prime brokerage services as crack cocaine. It's plain vanilla stuff, really; one-stop shopping for hedge fund who want various generic banking services like lending money, buying and selling securities, and book keeping, so you would think there wouldn't any cause for panic, but according to the FT, prime brokerage services are the unstable sea bed that is starting to shift beneath our world with the displacement of trillions of dollars worth of unregulated, unsupervised, unstable financial products that are overdue for a "once in 1,000 years" disaster.

For ecologists who are used to thinking of the globe's eco-problems in terms of parts-per-million of carbon in the atmosphere; the percentage of rain forest being destroyed, the percentage of coral reef being annihilated, top soil erosion, and various other obvious and calamitous aspects of the world's corporate enviro-homicide the risk posed by invisible financial risk is never contemplated, much less talked about as an eco-issue. Yet, the damage being done to the globe's financial atmosphere is probably the most toxic and potentially the most dangerous of all the damage corporations and banks wield as they kill off our eco-assets chasing short term profits at the expense of humanity's long term viability.

To get a grip on this thing called risk, understand that what it basically boils down to are bets made by brokers, bankers and speculators about the future direction of interest rates, oil, stocks, currencies, house prices, etc, (as part of the opportunity orgy alluded to earlier). The curious thing about these bets made over the past few years is that they never get called. Instead of paying out, the house (in this case the world's banking system, ah, here they are, the prime brokerage service providers) simply allow the players to continuously raise the stakes by borrowing more money (for a fee, the banks' incentive to keep game going); a dependency, i.e., an addiction ensues as the debt-addicted funds borrow more from their debt/crack dealing banks. Meanwhile, the pot of money at the center of the game (collateralized by Earth's natural resources) keeps going up and up.

According to the FT, this pot of money, held mostly offshore in Cayman banks, has a 'notional value' of over 85 trillion dollars. To put this in perspective, the entire output (GDP) of all the countries of the world is about 65 trillion dollars. In other words, if the game were to come crashing down, there wouldn't be enough money to pay back the lenders even if every country in the world liquidated its economy. There is simply no collateral backing up this pot of money. That's why banks refer to this amount as 'notional.' It's a notion, or concept, a theory if you like, but it's not real in any sense of that word you or I might imagine it. It's just blips on a screen. The fact is the third rock from the Sun has technically gone 'negative equity.'

As ecologists know, and economists too, imbalances and stresses in any system can only keep building up for so long before an equilibrium-inducing event (an earthquake or a stock market crash) restores balance. The geological pressures present along the abutting edges of the tectonic plates deep beneath the Indian ocean came back into balance on January 26th of 2004. Similarly, the pressure building up along the fault lines of the world's financial system is due for, as those in the City like to call it, a 'correction.'

Does it have to all end in tears, you might ask. Well, unlike those wiped out by the recent Tsunami, financial markets DO have an early warning system. It's called, interest rates. Has the system worked? No, because interest rates have been kept artificially low by the world's central bankers, principally Alan Greenspan. All that demand for more debt should, in a truly free market, drive the price of debt, i.e., interest rates up, but that hasn't happened because Greenspan has willfully manipulated the markets. The FT refers to his interest rate policies as, "freakishly low." It's true that interest rates have started to go up a bit recently, but not faster than banks (Greenspan's clients) have been able to insulate themselves to this risk by simply borrowing more, and booking more fees for themselves. Had the interest rate warning system worked, the 85 trillion in debt would have started to shrink. It hasn't it's expanding. Unbelievably, 99% of the 85 trillion in these financial bets that are not being paid off are held by just five banks, with JP Morgan Chase, (the Banda Aceh of the financial world), holding more than half the total amount. According to financial pros like Timothy Geithner, CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, that day of retribution is nigh. He calls the current environment of bad regulations, lax oversight, and huge debt dealing, "toxic."

No wonder Warren Buffet calls these bets, also known as, financial derivatives, 'weapons of mass financial destruction.' Forget North Korea and Iran, until JP Morgan stops playing debt poker with the world's assets, the biggest tidal wave killer of all time will be the Tsunami of bad paper that wipes out most of the world's economies.

The solution for this would be for Alan Greenspan and the rest of the world's central bankers to raise interest rates now to relieve this pressure, but they won't. They are, at the end of the day, bankers. Bankers know only one thing, making loans. Greenspan is supposed to manage interest rates as a benign potentate impervious to political influence, but he has showed his hand recently as willing to jump into the political fray and change the course of events with the wave of his interest rate setting magic wand.

It's no coincidence that his propensity to commit 'moral hazard' seems to grow the closer he gets to retirement. Is Alan Greenspan just another conniving, insider trading, moral bankrupt banker after all. Recent refusal to raise rates in the face of overwhelming evidence suggesting to do so implies the answer to that question is an emphatic yes.

The lesson for ecologists is to look behind the nefarious actions of environmental criminals like Exxon and Monsanto and take a look at the true demons of the biggest, most influential, and dirtiest ecology; the banks who make loans to speculators who then lean on the system in ways that, according to a coterie of respected financial journalists and traders, is forcing it to collapse. The result will almost certainly be massive world wide environmental and financial destruction on a much bigger scale than the recent Boxing day Tsunami disaster.

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They need money with no strings attached
"Opportunities to change the global trading system in 2005 must also be realised. If we are to make poverty history, we now need a 'sea change' - not of the awful form seen on 26 December, but in how the rich world treats the poor world."
 
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