| Reports Highlight the Duty to Act on Climate Change |
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As UN climate change talks close in Bonn, two reports spell out what is at stake. The impact of climate change is hitting hardest on the world’s poorest people, yet rich countries are responsible for three quarters of green house gas emissions - a situation that, if left unchecked, could lead to the greatest human migration in history. Report Warns Climate Change Will Lead to Mass Migration Oxfam Report Says that Rich Countries Have ‘Double Duty’ to Act on Climate Change 12th June 09 ~ STWR Report Warns Climate Change Will Lead to Mass Migration 10th June 09 - , VOA News A new report says climate change will lead to mass migration in the coming decades as tens of millions of people flee their homes due to drought, floods, storms and rising sea levels.
Authored
by the United Nations University, the non-governmental organization
CARE International and Columbia University in New York, the report
paints a bleak picture. It cites estimates by the International
Organization for Migration that climate change might force some 200
million people from their homes by 2050.hile concerns about
climate change induced migration are not new, one of the study's
authors, Charles Ehrhart, says this already seems to be happening.
"What
is quite new about this report is it helps people understand much more
about what we're going to see and also the fact that we already may be
seeing the beginnings of this pattern," said Charles Ehrhart.
The
study examines the situation of some 2,000 households on five
continents. Ehrhart, who is CARE International's climate change
coordinator, says there are two broad types of migration due to climate
change. Floods and other disasters generally spark short-term
migration, while long-term weather patterns like sparser rainfall and
more frequent droughts generally lead to long-term migration.
"And
what these kinds of forces do is they undermine people's ability to
have a productive livelihood - if your livelihood is sensitive to
rainfall for instance," he said. "So we're talking about rainfed
farming, we're talking about pastoralists and people like this."
In
many cases, those fleeing their homes are the poorest of the poor who
cannot afford to go far. So much of this migration takes place within
countries, with people often fleeing the countryside for urban areas.
That, Ehrhart says, puts a further strain on already overburdened
cities in developing countries. The report has been given to international negotiators currently meeting in Bonn, Germany who are negotiating a new climate treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol. Ehrhart says migration is being taken into account in these talks as well as some the study's recommendations. Oxfam Report Says that Rich Countries Have ‘Double Duty’ to Act on Climate Change 11th June 09 - Oxfam Rich countries have a ’double duty’ to cut emissions at home and to help fund emissions reductions in poor countries in order to get a fair and safe climate deal, according to a new report by international agency, Oxfam. The report ’Hang Together or Separately?’, launched at the UN talks in Bonn, says that only rich countries can break the deadlock now crippling international climate negotiations and prevent the world lurching into climate disaster. The science shows that annual global emissions need to return to 1990 levels or below by 2020. Oxfam says roughly half of these reductions need to be achieved through the establishment of a ‘Global Mitigation and Finance Mechanism’ which will provide poor countries with the up front support they need to limit the growth in their emissions. Rich countries must also collectively cut their emissions by at least 40 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020, with a majority of these reductions occurring at home. Oxfam’s report spells out exactly how much individual countries need to cut their emissions by to meet this target and shows that no rich country is anywhere near delivering their fair share of the reductions needed. ‘Hang Together or Separately?’ offers a solution to two hotly disputed issues that could make or break the talks - who should cut emissions and who should pay? A global climate deal is due to be agreed in Copenhagen in December but negotiations are moving at a snails pace. Rich countries are responsible for three quarters of green house gas emissions currently in the atmosphere but it is the world's poorest people who are being hit first and hardest by a changing climate. In Africa, changes to rainfall are already affecting food production, and rising temperatures are boosting the spread of disease. “The deadlock threatening these talks must be broken if we are to have any hope of avoiding a human catastrophe”, said Jeremy Hobbs, Executive Director of Oxfam International. ”Rich countries got us into this mess and they have the money and the technology to get us out of it. This gives them a double duty – to deliver major emissions reductions at home and provide the money poor countries need to start tackling their emissions too.” The ’Global Mitigation and Finance Mechanism‘would use money from the sale of carbon permits to provide the up-front support developing countries need. The world’s poorest countries, such as Uganda and India, would receive 100 percent of the funding they need to shift to a low carbon development path. However, more advanced developing economies such as Brazil and China would be expected to fund a proportion of the costs, depending on their economic capabilities. “Oxfam estimates that at least $150 billion is needed every year to fund both adaptation and mitigation action in developing countries. This is a relatively small amount compared with the cost of inaction – which economist Sir Nicolas Stern estimates could be as much as 5-20 percent of global GDP – and peanuts compared to the trillions of dollars that was found to bail out rich country banks,” said Hobbs. Many developing countries have already made significant steps to reduce emissions and signalled their willingness to discuss further action – provided that rich countries provide financial and technological support. For example, Mexico has already committed to halving its emissions by 2050 and China is a world leader in renewable energy investment - ploughing $12 billion into renewable energy in 2007. “Emission reductions are needed across the globe but only rich countries have the means to make this happen. A global solution is needed that uses money generated by new money that guarantees funds for fund low carbon development in poor countries,” said Hobbs. “Without exception, all rich country governments are failing in their duty to protect their citizens from catastrophic climate change. Acting now will save money and save lives,” said Hobbs. |
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